Spanish art was not familiar with landscape painting until the 19th century, when questions of Spanish identity and national image emerged. During the period of the country’s modernisation, opposing approaches to the representation of its land clashed: the idea of a bright and lively ‘white Spain’ and a bleak, serious ‘black Spain’, rooted in its cultural heritage. Between and alongside these poles, Catalan modernist painting blossomed at the turn of the century, bringing together the picturesqueness and colourfulness of the former and the intellectualism of the latter.

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